How to Detect and Compensate Doppler Shift
In this article, we learn how to estimate doppler shift in a signal and also how to compensate it.
What is Doppler Shift?
Doppler shift is the change in frequency of a signal caused by the relative motion between a transmitter and a receiver. This article explains what it is, derives the equation, and shows how it appears in the time domain and the frequency domain.
Cyclic Autocorrelation Function (CAF): How BPSK and QPSK Differ in Cyclostationary Analysis
The Cyclic Autocorrelation Function (CAF) reveals hidden periodic structure in modulated signals. This article explains what the CAF is, how to compute it, and why BPSK and QPSK produce fundamentally different CAF signatures — a difference that cannot be seen in a standard power spectrum.